About Magic Squares

A magic square is a grid of numbers where the sums of numbers in each row, column, and diagonal are equal. This sum is called the "magic constant" or "magic sum".

Properties:

• For a 3x3 magic square, the magic constant is 15
• For a 4x4 magic square, the magic constant is 34
• For a 5x5 magic square, the magic constant is 65
• Each number from 1 to n² (where n is the size) appears exactly once

Example (3x3):

8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2

Tips:

• Start with the middle cell in the top row
• Move diagonally up and right for the next number
• If a cell is occupied, move down one cell instead
• Use this calculator to verify your manual calculations