About Long Subtraction

Long subtraction is a method of subtracting numbers by writing them vertically and subtracting each column from right to left, borrowing when necessary.

Steps:

1. Write the numbers vertically, with the larger number on top
2. Subtract each column from right to left
3. If the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit, borrow from the next column
4. Continue until all columns are subtracted

Example:

  1234
-  567
  ----
   667

  1000
-  999
  ----
     1

Tips:

• Always align numbers by their rightmost digits
• Keep track of borrowed numbers carefully
• Double-check your work by adding the difference to the subtrahend
• Use this calculator to verify your manual calculations