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Water Potential Calculator
Calculate cellular solute and total water potential (Ψ)
Formulas: Total Water Potential ($\Psi$) = $\Psi_s + \Psi_p$.
Solute Potential ($\Psi_s$) = $-iCRT$ (where $i$ = ionization constant, $C$ = molar concentration, $R$ = 0.0831 liter bar/mole K, $T$ = temperature in Kelvin).
Solute Potential ($\Psi_s$) = $-iCRT$ (where $i$ = ionization constant, $C$ = molar concentration, $R$ = 0.0831 liter bar/mole K, $T$ = temperature in Kelvin).
Cellular Parameters
Calculation Results
⚠️ Water always moves from an area of higher water potential (less negative) to an area of lower water potential (more negative). Note that in an open beaker, pressure potential ($\Psi_p$) is 0 bars.