📐 Bulk Modulus Formulas
K = -V × (ΔP/ΔV)
K = ρ × c² (from sound speed)
β = 1/K (Compressibility)
ΔV/V = -ΔP/K
K = bulk modulus, V = volume, ΔP = pressure change, ΔV = volume change, ρ = density, c = sound speed
Bulk Modulus:
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Compressibility:
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Volume Change:
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Material Classification:
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💡 Tips & Information
- Higher bulk modulus = less compressible material
- Liquids are more compressible than solids
- Bulk modulus increases with pressure
- Used in fluid dynamics and material science
- Water has K ≈ 2.2 GPa at standard conditions