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Ligation Calculator
Calculate optimal insert-to-vector molar ratios for cloning
Formula: Insert Mass (ng) = [Desired Ratio × Vector Mass (ng) × Insert Size (bp)] / Vector Size (bp). Standard sticky-end cloning typically uses a 3:1 molar ratio.
Fragment Parameters
Calculation Results
⚠️ Ensure DNA concentrations are accurately quantified using spectrophotometry or fluorometry. Incorrect vector-to-insert ratios, degraded DNA ends, or un-inactivated restriction/ligase enzymes can drastically lower transformation efficiencies.