🧪
Activity Coefficient Calculator
Calculate single-ion activity coefficient using the Guntelberg approximation
Formula: $\log_{10}(\gamma) = -0.509 \cdot z^2 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{I}}{1 + \sqrt{I}}$.
This utilizes the Extended Debye-Hückel equation (Guntelberg approximation) for aqueous solutions at 25°C.
This utilizes the Extended Debye-Hückel equation (Guntelberg approximation) for aqueous solutions at 25°C.
Solution Parameters
Calculation Results
⚠️ The Guntelberg approximation is generally valid for solutions with an ionic strength ($I$) up to 0.1 M. For higher concentrations, the Davies equation or Pitzer equations are required for accurate thermodynamic modeling.