📐 Buckling Formulas
P_cr = π²EI/(KL)²
λ = KL/r (Slenderness Ratio)
σ_cr = π²E/λ²
F.S. = P_cr/P_applied
P_cr = critical buckling load, E = Young's modulus, I = moment of inertia, K = effective length factor, L = length
Critical Buckling Load:
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Slenderness Ratio:
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Critical Stress:
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Column Classification:
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💡 Tips & Information
- K = 0.5 for fixed-fixed, K = 1.0 for pinned-pinned ends
- Slenderness ratio < 30 = short column (crushing failure)
- Slenderness ratio > 100 = long column (buckling failure)
- Used in structural engineering and column design
- Safety factor should be ≥ 2.0 for practical applications