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🌡️ Thermal Stress Calculator
Calculate thermal stress, thermal expansion, and temperature effects on materials
📐 Thermal Stress Formulas
σ_th = E × α × ΔT
ε_th = α × ΔT
ΔL = α × L₀ × ΔT
σ_th = -E × α × ΔT (Constrained)
σ_th = thermal stress, E = Young's modulus, α = thermal expansion coefficient, ΔT = temperature change, ε_th = thermal strain, ΔL = length change, L₀ = original length
💡 Tips
- Thermal stress occurs when expansion is constrained
- Free expansion produces no stress
- Bimetallic strips bend due to different expansion rates
- Consider thermal expansion in design
- Use expansion joints for large structures
- Temperature gradients can cause complex stress patterns